QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (QCA) IN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

Authors

  • Tubagus Syihabudin Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanudin Banten
  • M. Luthfi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanudin Banten
  • Siti Ngaisah Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten
  • Eneng Muslihah Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58526/ezrasciencebulletin.v3i2.499

Keywords:

Implementation, QCA, SPMI, Research, Education

Abstract

The research aims to analyse the potential application of the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method in uncovering the configuration of managerial factors that contribute to the effectiveness of education management, and to evaluate the relevance of QCA as a set-theoretical approach in strategic decision-making of the Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) in higher education. This research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on systematic literature reviews and case studies from educational management, particularly those examining university governance and institutional performance. The results show that (QCA) has a strong potential to uncover the configuration of managerial factors that contribute to the effectiveness of education management and the (SPMI) in higher education, not through a single variable but through a combination of conditions such as the strength of SPMI implementation, the application of Good University Governance (GUG) principles, Leadership support, and a consistent quality evaluation system. This research contributes by offering a conceptual framework for applying QCA in educational management and by providing research recommendations.

References

Akkaya, A. (2021). Theories of Educational Management and Leadership. Educational Review, 73(6), 800–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2021.1890944

Anwar Abidin, A. (2017). Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan Tinggi Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Mutu (Studi Kasus Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Menengah di Surabaya). Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu, 3(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v3i1.95

Asyafah, A. (2014). Research-based instruction in the teaching of Islamic education. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-755

Baumann, T., Mantay, K., Swanger, A., Saganski, G., & Stepke, S. (2016). Education and Innovation Management: A Contradiction? How to Manage Educational Projects if Innovation is Crucial for Success and Innovation Management is Mostly Unknown. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 226(October 2015), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.185

Berg-Schlosser, D., Meur, G. De, Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. C. (2008). Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as an Approach. In the Springer Handbook of Comparative Politics. (pp. 1–18). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Bush, T. (2007). Educational Leadership and Management: Theory, Policy, and Practice. South African Journal of Education, 2(3), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v3i3.255

Bush, T. (2020). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. Sage Publications.

Cardona, L. S. (2024). The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Educational Management: Comparative Analysis of International Policies and Practices. Journal Ar Ro'is Mandalika (Armada), 4(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.59613/armada.v4i1.2829

Check, J., & Schutt, R. K. (2017). Research Methods in Education. Sage Publications, Inc. https://methods.sagepub.com/book/research-methods-in-education

Cilesiz, S., & Greckhamer, Thomas. (2020). Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Education Research: Its Current Status and Future Potential. Review of Research in Education, 44(1), 332–369. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X20907347

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Cooper, B., & Glaesser, Judith. (2015). Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Necessary Conditions, and Limited Diversity: Some Problematic Consequences of Schneider and Wagemann's Enhanced Standard Analysis. Field Methods, 28(3), 300–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X15598974

Cragun, D., Pal, T., Vadaparampil, S. T., Baldwin, J., Hampel, H., & DeBate, R. D. (2016). Qualitative Comparative Analysis: A Hybrid Method for Identifying Factors Associated with Program Effectiveness. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689815572023

Dacholfany, M. I., Ikhwan, A., Budiman, A., & Hutabarat, Z. S. (2024). Model of Educational Leadership Management in Boarding Schools. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i1.339

Esha, M. I. (2020). The Development of a Framework for the Public Accountability of Islamic Higher Education Institutes in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(4), 1067–1082.

Fadhli, M. (2020). Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal Dan Ekstenal Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi. AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v4i2.1148

Fathih, M. A., & Muhlis, N. K. (2023). Problematika Penerapan Manajemen Pendidikan Di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. Dirasah : Jurnal Studi Ilmu Dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.58401/dirasah.v6i1.509

Faujiah, S., Syaifudin, M., & Andriani, T. (2023). Manajemen Strategi dalam Lembaga Pendidikan. JEMSI, 4(3), 680–694. https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v2i5.560

Ghafar, Z. N. (2024). The evaluation research: A comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.58881/jllscs.v2i1.122

Gunawan, A., Zohriah, A., & Saputra, A. (2023). Does Indonesia's Inclusive Curriculum Education Sustainability in Private Madrasah Program? International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(2), 489–503. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v12-i2/16814

Hadi, S. (2020). Model pengembangan mutu di lembaga pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(3), 321–347. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36088/pensa.v2i3.980

Hamid, S. (2025). A Critical Review of Educational Research Methodologies: Approaches, Applications, and Implications. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 9(II), 138–150.

Handayani, N. Y. L., & Muliastrini, K. N. (2021). Internal Terhadap Peningkatan Mutu Pintu : Pusat Penjamin Mutu. Pintu: Pusat Penjamin Mutu, 2(2).

Haryanto, B. (2015). Perbandingan Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia Dan Malaysia. Adabiyah : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(1), 81.

Hicklin, A., O'Toole, L. J., & Meier, K. J. (2008). Serpents in the Sand: Managerial Networking and Nonlinear Influences on Organisational Performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 18(2), 253–273. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096365

Ichsan, I., & Susanti, Y. (2025). Digitalisation of Education Management: Challenges and Opportunities in the Hybrid Learning Era. Journal of Pedagogy, 2(4), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.62872/66y2j952

Idris, M., & Yusuf, N. (2020). The Role of Islamic Education Management in Realising Quality Educational Institutions. Journal of Islamic Education Policy, 5(1), 1–10.

Ikhwan, A., & Yuniana, A. N. (2022). Strategy management of semi-Islamic boarding schools: a case study at Pesantren Anak Soleh (PAS) Baitul Qur'an Gontor. Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE), 6(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v6i1.222

Ismah, I. (2020). Manajemen Kelembagaan Pendidikan Islam. Al-Munqidz : Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 8(3), 377–395. https://doi.org/10.52802/amk.v8i3.267

Isomudin, M., Tamam, B., & Arbain, M. (2021). Islamic Education in the National Education Policy of Indonesia. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 5(9), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v28i2.551

Istikomah, C. T., & Haryanto, B. (2021). Buku Ajar Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pesantren. UMSIDA Press.

Khan, Z., Naz, F., Ahmad, M. I., & Battisti, E. (2024). Income-driven fintech adoption and its impact on innovation: evidence from China. Business Process Management Journal, 31(5), 1862–1883. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-08-2024-0678

Kultsum, U., Parinduri, M. A., & Karim, A. (2022). Comparative studies between public and private Islamic schools in the era of globalisation. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(1), 421–430. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i1.22182

Legewie, N. (2019). Qualitative Comparative Analysis (N. Baur & J. Blasius (eds.)). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21308-4_43

Legewie, N. (2022). Qualitative Comparative Analysis (N. Baur & J. Blasius (eds.)). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37985-8_44

Lubis, A. F., & Pratama, R. (2021). Implementasi Kampus Islami Atas Mutu Pendidikan Pada Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah (Studi Kasus Di Universitas Muhammadiyah …. Al Amin: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Dan Budaya …, 4(01), 34–48. http://jurnal.stitalamin.ac.id/index.php/alamin/article/view/80

Luce-Kapler, R. (2008). Literature in Qualitative Research. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909.n248

Luo, M., & Wen, T. (2024). Configuration analysis of the university's comprehensive development level using qualitative comparative analysis. Data Science and Informetrics, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsim.2025.01.001

Madhakomala, R., Hakim, M. A., & Syifauzzuhrah, N. (2022). Problems of Education in Indonesia and Alternative Solutions. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 3(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v3i3.64

Majid, M. A. (2023). Problematika Pendidikan di Indonesia sebagai Negara Berkembang. SALIMIYA: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam, 4(1), 58–69. https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/salimiya

Marin, I., & Marin-Pantelescu, A. (2020). Educational Management Strategies. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, XX(1), 726–729.

Marmoah, S., Poerwanti, J. I. S., Istiyati, S., Supianto, S., & Mahfud, H. (2023). Comparison of the Elementary School Educational Management in Malaysia and Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 468–473. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4679

Marx, A., Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. (2014). The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis: the first 25 years. European Political Science Review, 6(1), 115–142. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1755773912000318

Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative Content Analysis: Theoretical Background and Procedures. In Approaches to Qualitative Research in Mathematics Education (pp. 365–380). Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9181-6_13

Mello, P. A. (2022). Qualitative comparative analysis. In P. A. Mello & F. Ostermann (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods (pp. 422–432). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197633137.003.0036

Mello, P. A. (2023). Qualitative comparative analysis (pp. 385–402). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003139850-29

Mohammady, Z. A. (2018). Peran Kepala Sekolah Dalam Mengembangkan Mutu Budaya Organisasi. Muslim Heritage, 2(2), 407. https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v2i2.1118

Mulyasa, E., & Aryani, W. D. (2022). Implementasi Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal Di Era Merdeka Belajar. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 8(2), 933. https://doi.org/10.37905/aksara.8.2.933-944.2022

Ndidi, O. M., Chika, O. E., Chinyere, N. M., & Oko-Jaja, C. C. (2025). Educational Management, Leadership and Supervision: Contemporary Perspectives. In Educational Management, Leadership and Supervision: Contemporary Perspectives. Deepublish. https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-247-0

Nur, W. Y., Magister, B., Pendidikan, M., & Pascasarjana, T. (2020). Analisis Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris FKIP UMSU. EduTech: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 6(2), 182–187. http://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/edutech/article/view/4924

Parente, T. C., & Federo, R. (2019). Qualitative comparative analysis: justifying a neo-configurational approach in management research. RAUSP Management Journal, 54(4), 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-05-2019-0089

Piliyanti, I., & Awirya, A. A. (2022). Promoting Islamic Philanthropy in Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia. In A. G. Ismail, R. Abdullah, & M. H. Zaenal (Eds.), Islamic Philanthropy: Exploring Zakat, Waqf, and Sadaqah in Islamic Finance and Economics (pp. 213–228). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06890-4_12

Putri, A. M., & Lutfianawati, D. (2023). Perceptions of Higher Education Service Quality Significantly Influence Predictors of Student Subjective Wellbeing. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 15(2), 1203–1214. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i2.3938

Ragin, C. C. (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. University of California.

Raharjo, S. B., Handayani, M., Jauhari, M. R., & Jaunita, M. F. (2019). Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Dalam. Kementerian Pendidikan Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi.

Ramadhani, Y. (2019). Membandingkan Sekolah Islam di Indonesia dan Malaysia. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-4725476/membandingkan-sekolah-islam-di-indonesia-dan-malaysia

Rihoux, B. (2009). Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and related techniques: recent advances and challenges (S. Pickel, G. Pickel, H.-J. Lauth, & D. Jahn (eds.)). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91826-6_18

Sahrin, A., Arafat, Y., & Hadi, A. M. (2022). Peran Perguruan Tinggi dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Daerah di Era Otonomi. DIKSI: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Sosial, 3(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.53299/diksi.v3i2.202

Saputra, A., & Fauzi, M. (2022). Management of Counselling Services and Digitalisation of Early Detection of Mental Health Disorders, Reducing High Risk in Education. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 268, 250–258. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-076-3

Sayidah, N., Ady, S. U., Supriyati, J., Sutarmin, W., M., M., A., & Assagaf, A. (2019). Quality and university governance in Indonesia. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(4), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n4p10

Seny Kan, A. K., Adegbite, E., El Omari, S., & Abdellatif, M. (2016). On the use of qualitative comparative analysis in management. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1458–1463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.125

Silalahi, M. R., Fahmi, M. R., & Siregar, A. (2023). Principles of Islamic Education Management. JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 8(2), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.24815/jimps.v8i2.24643

Sudiarti, S., Anwar, K. U., & Shaleh, A. S. (2020). Sistem Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. TADBIR : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 1–13.

Supriyanto, E. (2012). Model Penjaminan Mutu Pembelajaran Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. Varia Pendidikan, 24(1), 1–14.

Suyadi, N., Z., Sutrisno, & Baidi. (2022). Academic reform and sustainability of Islamic higher education in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Development, 89, 102534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102534

Thiem, A. (2014). Navigating the Complexities of Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Case Numbers, Necessity Relations, and Model Ambiguities. Evaluation Review, 38(6), 487–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X14550863

Vanfraechem, I., & Aertsen, I. (2017). Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315651453

Verweij, S., & Noy, C. (2013). Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences: a guide to qualitative comparative analysis. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(2), 37–41. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.762611

Wahyuni, N. Y. (2018). Pencitraan: Upaya Membangun Public Opinion Bagi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. Al-Tanzim : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v2i1.249

Wang, M., Xu, J.-O., Luo, C.-F., Lv, F., & Wei, L.-Z. (2024). Qualitative comparative analysis of learning engagement among Chinese part-time master's students in nursing. Nurse Education Today, 138, 106194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106194

Xu, X., Tahir, S. H., Khan, K. B., Sajid, M. A., & Safdar, M. A. (2024). Beyond regression: Unpacking research of human complex systems with qualitative comparative analysis. Heliyon, 10(10), e31457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31457

Downloads

Published

2025-12-16

How to Cite

Tubagus Syihabudin, M. Luthfi, Siti Ngaisah, & Eneng Muslihah. (2025). QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (QCA) IN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT RESEARCH. EZRA SCIENCE BULLETIN, 3(2), 2122–2136. https://doi.org/10.58526/ezrasciencebulletin.v3i2.499